Melasma
Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the development of brown or grayish-brown patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. These patches are often symmetrical and can vary in size and shape. Melasma is sometimes referred to as “chloasma” or “the mask of pregnancy” because it is more common in women, especially during pregnancy or when taking hormonal birth control.
Hyperpigmentation: Melasma is primarily a form of hyperpigmentation, which means the affected skin areas become darker in color than the surrounding skin. The patches can range from light to dark brown.
Common symptoms
Hyperpigmented Patches: The most distinctive symptom of melasma is the appearance of hyperpigmented patches on the face, especially on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. These patches can also appear on the nose and the jawline.
Symmetrical Distribution: Melasma often appears in a symmetrical pattern, with similar patches on both sides of the face.
Irregular Border: The borders of the melasma patches are typically irregular and not well-defined.
Color Variability: The patches may vary in color, ranging from light to dark brown or gray.
Worsening in the Sun: Sun exposure can exacerbate melasma, leading to increased pigmentation and darker patches. It is often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy” because hormonal changes during pregnancy can trigger or worsen melasma.
Hormonal Influence: Hormonal factors, such as pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, and hormone fluctuations, can play a role in the development or exacerbation of melasma.
treating melasma
Topical Bleaching Agents:
- Hydroquinone: This is a common skin-lightening agent available in prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) formulations.
- Kojic Acid: Available in some OTC products, kojic acid can help lighten dark spots.
- Azelaic Acid: This topical medication can be used to treat melasma, and it is available by prescription.
- Topical Corticosteroids: In some cases, topical corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and pigmentation. These are generally prescribed for short-term use.
Topical Retinoids: Prescription retinoid creams can help improve skin texture and promote cell turnover, which may reduce the appearance of melasma.
Chemical Peels: Dermatologists can perform chemical peels using mild acids to exfoliate the top layer of skin. This can help reduce pigmentation and improve skin texture.
Microdermabrasion: This non-invasive procedure exfoliates the skin’s surface to improve its appearance. Microdermabrasion can be performed by dermatologists or estheticians.
Laser Therapy and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): These treatments can target pigmented areas and break down melanin. Consult with a dermatologist to determine if these procedures are suitable for your condition.
Cosmetic Camouflage: Makeup and concealers specifically designed for covering hyperpigmentation can help mask melasma.